in-depth development
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QUESTION 1
1. _____ studies provide more in-depth developmental information.
a.
Experimental
b.
Follow-up
c.
Longitudinal
d.
Cohort-intensive
1 points
QUESTION 2
1. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of longitudinal studies?
a.
Time and money
b.
“Generalizability”
c.
Self-selected sample bias
d.
Cohort effects
1 points
QUESTION 3
1. “Generalizability” can be a problem in what kind(s) of study/studies?
a.
Cross-sectional
b.
Longitudinal
c.
a nor b
d.
a and b
1 points
QUESTION 4
1. Which of the following behaviors is NOT influenced by culture?
a.
Fifteen-year-old Chou is cooperative and respectful toward his grandparents.
b.
Five-year-old Kim believes that her father is just showing his love and concern when he beats her with a switch for not completing her chores.
c.
Sixteen-year-old Brant enjoys lively debates with his history teacher.
d.
Seventeen-month-old Zahra tried to climb the stairs and fell off the first step.
1 points
QUESTION 5
1. Which of the following is TRUE about conception?
a.
It is the fertilization of the female egg by the male sperm.
b.
The new cell is called an embryo.
c.
The blastocyst is no larger than the period at the end of this sentence.
d.
All of these options are true
1 points
QUESTION 6
1. Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
a.
Embryonic period: development of major body organs
b.
Conception: development of blastocyst
c.
Germinal period: ovulation and implantation
d.
Fetal period: rapid weight gain and “detailing” of body organs and systems
1 points
QUESTION 7
1. The use of _____ during pregnancy is most associated with premature birth, low-birth-weight infants, and fetal death.
a.
nicotine
b.
caffeine
c.
aspirin
d.
all of these options
1 points
QUESTION 8
1. Teratogens are _____ that can cause birth defects.
a.
DNA fragments
b.
environmental agents
c.
recessive genes
d.
dominant genes
1 points
QUESTION 9
1. _____ is a feeling of fullness that has an effect on the perception of hunger.
a.
Insatiety
b.
Protrudation
c.
Satiety
d.
Grandiosity
1 points
QUESTION 10
1. The heat generated in response to food ingestion is called _____.
a.
satiation
b.
dehydration
c.
thermogenesis
d.
thermolosis
1 points
QUESTION 11
1. 11. The _____ hypothalamus signals an animal to start eating, whereas the _____ hypothalamus signals the animal to stop eating.
a) lateral; ventromedial
b) ventro; medial
c) ventromedial; lateral
d) medial; ventro
a.
lateral; ventromedial
b.
ventro; medial
c.
ventromedial; lateral
d.
medial; ventro
1 points
QUESTION 12
1. All other factors being equal, which of the following persons is MOST likely to acquire an HIV infection?
a.
Marci, who just donated blood
b.
Rami, who engages in brief deep-throat kissing with her life partner without using a dental dam
c.
Franco, who works at a hospice center for AIDS patients
d.
None of these people is more likely than the others to acquire an HIV infection
1 points
QUESTION 13
1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding rape?
a.
Women can’t be raped against their will; and secretly want to be raped.
b.
A man cannot be raped by a woman.
c.
Men have little control over their biologically overpowering sex drive.
d.
All of these options are myths about rape.
1 points
QUESTION 14
1. According to the cognitive theory of motivation, _____ influence our goal-directed behavior.
a.
attributions and expectancies
b.
expectancies and internal needs
c.
internal needs and attributions
d.
attributions, expectancies, and internal needs
1 points
QUESTION 15
1. According to the cognitive theory of motivation, which of the following students is MOST likely to study hard for the next psychology exam?
a.
Sasha believes she earned an “A” on this exam because the questions were easy.
b.
Endora believes she is a witch and can get whatever she wants by waving her arms and casting a spell.
c.
Martino believes he can bring his “C’ up to an “B” or “A” next time.
d.
Clemy believes he studied as hard as he could for this exam and is very discouraged that he only got a “D.”
1 points
QUESTION 16
1. The theory that some motives have to be satisfied before a person can advance to fulfilling higher motives is based on _____.
a.
Freud’s psychosexual stages of development
b.
Kohlberg’s moral stages of development
c.
Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development
d.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
1 points
QUESTION 17
1. According to _____ theory, basic survival and security needs must be satisfied before one can move on to such higher needs as self-actualization.
a.
evolutionary
b.
instinct
c.
Maslow’s
d.
Wiener’s
1 points
QUESTION 18
1. According to Maslow, belonging and self-actualization are _____ needs, and will be satisfied after physiological and safety needs.
a.
essential
b.
primary
c.
higher-level
d.
optional
1 points
QUESTION 19
1. According to Maslow’s view of motivation, if you haven’t eaten all day, your thoughts will be MOST focused on your _____.
a.
self-esteem
b.
physical safety
c.
physiological needs
d.
sense of belonging
1 points
QUESTION 20
1. The study of age-related changes in behavior and mental processes throughout the lifespan is called _____.
a.
thanatology
b.
neo-gerontology
c.
developmental psychology
d.
longitudinal psychology
1 points
QUESTION 21
1. Developmental psychology _____.
a.
examines growth, maturation, early experiences, and various stages of cognitive, social, and physical development
b.
uses a learning theory approach that suggests nature is more important in development than nurture
c.
avoids controversial issues by focusing only on what can be proven through research
d.
all of these options
1 points
QUESTION 22
1. Assad and Juana believe in stimulating their new baby’s senses by playing and singing to her. They also believe it is important to reinforce her curiosity and her attempts to interact with them verbally. It is MOST likely that Assad and Juana believe that _____ is the major contributor to their child’s development.
a.
nurture
b.
sensation training
c.
nature
d.
maturation
1 points
QUESTION 23
1. Dr. Johan tends to believe in the _____ model of development, which says that changes occur at a relatively uniform pace. Dr. Ziback tends to believe in the _____ model, which says that there are periods of rapid and abrupt change that are separated by periods of very little change.
a.
nurturing; natural
b.
uniform; stop-start
c.
continuity; stage
d.
none of these options
1 points
QUESTION 24
1. Which refers to development governed by automatic, genetically predetermined signals?
a.
Elaboration
b.
Natural progression
c.
Maturation
d.
Tabula rasa
1 points
QUESTION 25
1. This is a period of special sensitivity to specific types of learning. It also shapes the capacity for future development.
a.
Sensitivity period
b.
Critical period
c.
Specificity stage
d.
Tabula rasa stage
1 points
QUESTION 26
1. If you believe that your personality is developed early and can predict your personality later in life, then you believe in:
a.
continuity
b.
staging
c.
stability
d.
nurturing
1 points
QUESTION 27
1. Today, most psychologists take _____ approach to human development.
a.
a nativist
b.
an empiricist
c.
a dualist
d.
an interactionist
1 points
QUESTION 28
1. An infant’s inborn disposition is known as _____.
a.
personality
b.
reflexes
c.
temperament
d.
traits
1 points
QUESTION 29
1. Which of the following is one of Thomas and Chess’s temperament styles?
a.
An easy child who is happy, relaxed, agreeable, adjusts readily
b.
A difficult child who is moody, easily frustrated, tense, over-reactive
c.
A child who is slow-to-warm-up, shy and withdrawn
d.
All of the above
1 points
QUESTION 30
1. Serena is one-month old and is not living up to her name. She is easily frustrated, tense, and reacts more than most infants when her schedule is upset. Thomas and Chess would categorize her as _____.
a.
an easy baby
b.
a difficult baby
c.
an irritable child
d.
a slow-to-warm-up baby
1 points
QUESTION 31
1. Which of the following is TRUE regarding basic temperament?
a.
It tends to be consistent throughout early childhood and into adulthood.
b.
It tends to change as children approach adolescence.
c.
It tends to change as adolescents approach adulthood.
d.
Changes are the result of maturation, rather than environment.
1 points
QUESTION 32
1. Thomas and Chess’s concept of _____ says that parents should work with, not try to change, their child’s temperament.
a.
trial and error
b.
permissive parenting
c.
justice and caring
d.
goodness of fit
1 points
QUESTION 33
1. Which of the following is NOT emphasized in Masters and Johnson’s model for sexual therapy?
a.
Focus on the individual with the problem
b.
Integration of physiological and psychosocial factors
c.
Decreasing judgments and goal-setting
d.
Homework assignments that include specific behaviors
1 points
QUESTION 34
1. With regard to sexuality, spectatoring is the act of _____.
a.
watching others engage in sex for the purpose of improving your own performance
b.
videotaping yourself engaged in sex for the purpose of improving your future performance
c.
mentally watching and evaluating responses during sex
d.
watching pornographic videos to increase arousal and decrease inhibitions about sexuality
1 points
QUESTION 35
1. If a psychologist wanted to compare a group of six-year-old children to a group of ten-year-old children at the same time on recognition memory performance, the psychologist would use the _____ method of data collection.
a.
cross-sectional
b.
naturalistic observation
c.
longitudinal
d.
cohort
1 points
QUESTION 36
1. _____ research studies several groups of individuals at various ages, at one point in time, and provides information regarding _____.
a.
Longitudinal; age differences
b.
Cross-sectional; age differences
c.
Longitudinal; age changes
d.
Cross-sectional; age changes
1 points
QUESTION 37
1. The _____ method of developmental data collection follows one person (or a single group of people) over time, and provides information about _____.
a.
longitudinal; age changes
b.
cross-sectional; age changes
c.
cohort; age differences
d.
longitudinal; age differences
1 points
QUESTION 38
1. If a psychologist was interested in studying the stability of IQ scores over time, she should use the _____ method of data collection.
a.
Test-retest
b.
Longitudinal
c.
Case history
d.
Cross-sectional
1 points
QUESTION 39
1. _____ effects are a major problem found in cross-sectional research.
a.
Subjective
b.
Cohort
c.
Objective
d.
Longitudinal
1 points
QUESTION 40
1. The results of a cross-sectional marketing study to determine how age affects people’s beliefs about family purchases and financial planning were criticized on the ground that the data was influenced by cohort effects. This means that _____.
a.
some of the subjects belonged to ethnic minorities
b.
the subjects were self-selected by their friends and neighbors
c.
the older groups of subjects lived during the Depression
d.
only 63% of the questionnaires were returned
1 points
QUESTION 41
1. Differences in age groups that reflect factors unique to a specific age group, rather than being due to developmental changes, are called _____ effects.
a.
generational
b.
social environmental
c.
operational
d.
cohort
1 points
QUESTION 42
1. _____ studies are the most time efficient method, whereas _____ studies provide the most in-depth information per participant.
a.
Correlational; experimental
b.
Fast-track; follow-up
c.
Cross-sectional; longitudinal
d.
Cohort-sequential; cohort-intensive
1 points
QUESTION 43
1. Someone who burns his country’s flag just because the law says he can is reasoning at the _____ stage of moral development; whereas someone who burns his country’s flag because he believes that his country has lost its legitimacy is reasoning at the _____ stage.
a.
punishment and obedience; law and order
b.
universal ethics; universal ethics
c.
law and order; social contract
d.
law and order; instrumental-exchange
1 points
QUESTION 44
1. According to Kohlberg, an officer in the military is LEAST likely to obey orders to rape and pillage in a vanquished town if he has achieved the _____ orientation of moral reasoning.
a.
good person
b.
law and order
c.
justice and caring
d.
universal ethics
1 points
QUESTION 45
1. Kohlberg’s second level of moral development, in which moral judgments are based on compliance with the rules and values of society, is called the:
a.
postconventional
b.
conventional
c.
preconventional
d.
universal ethics orientation
1 points
QUESTION 46
1. Once an individual has accepted and internalized the rules and values of society, that person has advanced to the _____ level of moral development.
a.
instrumental-exchange
b.
social-contract
c.
conventional
d.
postconventional