Sampling and Probability
PSYC 354
Homework 4
Sampling and Probability
When submitting this file, be sure the filename includes your full name, course and section. Example: HW4_JohnDoe_354B01
Be sure you have reviewed this module/week’s lesson and presentations along with the practice data analysis before proceeding to the homework exercises. Complete all analyses in SPSS, then copy and paste your output and graphs into your homework document file. Answer any written questions (such as the text-based questions or the APA Participants section) in the appropriate place within the same file.
Part I: Concepts
Questions 1–15
Questions 1-10
Fill in the highlighted blanks to answer/complete the statements.
1)
Define “confirmation bias” and give a brief, original example. (This means that if you include an example from the textbook or a variation thereof, you will not receive credit. Be creative! Areas to consider include politics, media, economics, self-esteem, social judgment…) _ ____
2)
_______ refers to researchers’ ability to apply findings from one sample or in one context to other samples or contexts.
3)
A ________ sample is one in that uses participants who are readily available.
4)
The likelihood that a particular outcome, out of all possible outcomes, will occur is known as ________.
5)
Expected relative-frequency probability is computed as the number of ________ divided by the number of ________.
6)
In a coin flip experiment, David decides to flip a coin 50 times. He wants to record the number of times “tails” comes up. Using the language of probability, in this experiment, each coin flip is a ________, the way the coin lands is the ________. When the coin comes up “tails”, this is considered a ________.
7)
A statement that there is no difference between populations or that the difference is in a direction opposite to that anticipated by the researcher is a(n) ________ hypothesis.
8)
At the end of a study, what are the two decisions one can make about the null hypothesis? _a) ___ OR b) ____
9)
A ________ error is like a false positive in medical testing.
10)
When you fail to reject the null hypothesis but the null hypothesis is in fact false, you have made a(n) ________ error.
Question 11a-11b
A social psychologist is interested in the number of social media accounts students have in middle school versus high school. He administers a survey in two middle school classes and two high school classes, which asks among other things for students to report the number of social media accounts they own.
11-a) What is the likely null hypothesis for this experiment?
Answer
11-b) What is the likely research hypothesis for this experiment?
Answer
Question 12-15
Complete the following exercises:
12) In a brown bag that contains 120 M&M’s, there is exactly 1 green M&M. You have one chance to reach into the bag and pull out one M&M. What is the probability of reaching in and pulling out the green M&M on the first try?
Answer (show work)
13) On the TV game show “The Price is Right,” 9 contestants are narrowed down to 2 finalists in each game. What is the probability of a becoming a finalist during a game?
Answer (show work)
14) Convert the following proportions to percentages:
a) 0.79
b) .142
c) .9463
a)
Answer
b)
Answer
c)
Answer
15) Convert the following percentages to proportions:
a) 25%
b) 0.6%
c) 1.8%
a)
Answer
b)
Answer
c)
Answer
Part II & Part III
There is no new SPSS material this module/week. No questions for Part II or III
.
Part IV: Cumulative
Data provided below for Questions 1 and 2.
Satisfaction
With Therapy
Scores
15
14
12
16
12
13
9
12
17
15
11
14
14
10
13
14
Part IV: Questions 1a-1b
Patients at a community mental health clinic rate their satisfaction with therapy on a scale of 1-20. The data are shown in the left-hand column. Enter the data into a new SPSS data file as we’ve been practicing in past modules. Be sure to identify the correct level of measurement in the “Measure” column when creating your variable.
· Create the appropriate SPSS graph to show the distribution of satisfaction ratings.
· Compute descriptive statistics for this data.
· Which measure of central tendency would you use to describe this data?
· Why?
1-a)
Create the appropriate SPSS graph to show the distribution of therapy satisfaction ratings.
Answer: SPSS graph
1-b)
Compute descriptive statistics for this data in SPSS.
Which measure of central tendency would you use to describe this data?
Why?
Answer: SPSS: Appropriate Descriptive Statistics Table
Answer: Measure Of Central Tendency
Explanation/Justification:
State
Number of
Prisons
Texas
California
Tennessee
New Jersey
Virginia
Kentucky
Rhode Island
New Mexico
50
34
10
13
35
13
7
11
Part IV: Questions 2a & 2b
· The number of state prisons is given for a selection of US states (based on several state and federal web sites).
· Enter the data in a new SPSS file. When creating the State variable in Variable View, be sure that the “Type” is set to “String” so that the names will show up on the graph.
2-a)
Create a bar graph to summarize this data. Choose “Simple” as in a previous week, but unlike before, choose “Values of individual cases” then “Define.” Define Category Labels by “Variable” instead of “Case Number.” Your state variable should go in this area, while the number of prisons variable will define the bars.
Answer: paste SPSS bar graph here
2-b)
What level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, or scale) is the variable “State”?
What level of measurement is the variable “Number of prisons”?
Answer (State):
Answer (Number of Prisons):
Submit Homework 4 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 4. Remember to name file appropriately.
Done!
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