Psychology Breakdown
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Writing about Cognitive Psychology Breakdown
Methodology Breakdown
1) Explanation of the week’s topic field.
Use the slides and material covered in class to describe what the topic is for the week (for this week – cognitive psychology). Any additional background research you want to do is welcome, but you should have enough detail from class material to answer the question.
2) Description of how research is typically conducted in this field.
Discuss, briefly, some of the types of research methods we discussed in class – methods can include those in the PowerPoint, other studies discussed in class, or any other source of methodology in the topic area you know about.
3) Examination of how the article applies this methodology to produce their findings (must use APA style to cite article at least one time).
Use one in-text APA citation– you do not have to do APA formatting (running head, cover page, etc.)
Use the assigned article for the week (for 10/25 Anderson & Shimamura, 2005)
Discuss the method section of the article to answer the question
Cognitive Psychology
The psychological study of how people think, know, and process information
Founded by Ulrich Neisser in 1967, but has roots back into the 1940s and 50s (magic number)
His book encouraged the psychological community to study perception, pattern recognition, attention, problem solving, and remembering
Wanted a perspective deeper than behaviorism (Pavlov/Skinner)
Behaviorists believe there are no processes between stimulus and response
Classical Conditioning
Cognitive psychology addresses the “black box” in human behavior
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Fields of study under cognitive psychology
Memory
False memory
Attention
Perception
Learning
Language
Theory of Mind
Consciousness
Cognitive Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology Research Methods
Baron-Cohen S; Leslie AM; Frith U (1985). “Does the autistic child have a ‘theory of mind’?” (PDF). Cognition. 21 (1): 37–46. PMID 2934210. doi:10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
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Cognitive Psychology Research Methods
Case Studies (HM, EP)
Interviews
Sally Anne Task
Computer Modeling
Reaction time
Recall vs. Recognition
Anderson & Shimamura, 2005
Hypothesis: emotion will impact memory.
Independent variable: Emotion
Positive
Negative
Arousal
Dependent variable: Memory of neutral words (all 1-3 syllables long)
Word recall
Content recall
Context recognition (which film was being played when the word was presented)
Participants watched videos with words simultaneously played in headphones
2-3 minute break in between
Anderson & Shimamura, 2005
Study 1:
40 undergraduates
Manipulation – videos with no audio (independently rated)
Control (neutral video): cooking video (stirring) with face not shown
Positive: penguins
Negative: arm amputations
Arousal: car chase
Free recall test (4 minutes)
Manipulation check (details from video)
Word context (during what video was the word heard/was it a new word)
Findings: detail and word memory were lowest for negative film compared to the other three (no difference between control, positive, and arousal), but word context showed negative film was lowest and arousal film was highest.
Anderson & Shimamura, 2005
Study 2:
Same procedure as Study 1 (replication!) but with different videos
Control = same
Positive = animals playing (bears and dogs)
Negative = self-inflicted bodily harm
Arousal = skiers doing stunts (not falling)
Findings: same as Study 1, with the exception of no differences in the recall of details from the video
Overall findings: negative stimuli can decrease detailed memory, where arousing stimuli can enhance memory of details
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