Level of significance
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1. Define the Level of significance (significance level).
Remember to cite (justify) your response.
(Hint – See 7.2 FOUR STEPS TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING)
2. Define the Null hypothesis.
Present an example.
Remember to cite (justify) your response.
(Hint – See 7.2 FOUR STEPS TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING)
3. Define hypothesis.
Remember to cite (justify) your response.
(Hint – See 7.1 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING)
4. First, list the four steps of Hypothesis Testing.
Second, explain the procedure of each step.
Third, explain the logic of each step.
(Hint – See 7.1 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS AND HYPOTHESIS TESTING)
Remember to cite (justify) your response.
5. Define the alternative hypothesis.
Present an example.
Remember to cite (justify) your response.
(Hint – See 7.2 FOUR STEPS TO HYPOTHESIS TESTING)
6. A researcher predicts that making people hungry will affect how they do on a coordination test.
A randomly selected person is asked not to eat for 24 hours before taking a standard coordination test and gets a score of 400.
For people in general of this age group and gender, tested under normal conditions, coordination scores are normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 40.
Using the .01 significance level, what should the researcher conclude?
_________________________________________
Remember, to compute the z score.
Second, is this a one-tailed or two-tailed test?
(“A researcher predicts that making people hungry will affect how they do on a coordination test.” Is this one prediction or two predictions, therefore is it a one-tailed or two-tailed test.)
Next, look at the Significance Level Chart (Table 7.4 in our textbook) – (The researcher is using .01 significance level – as stated in the practice problem.)
7. A randomly selected individual, after going through an experimental treatment, has a score of 27 on a particular measure. The scores of people in general on this measure are normally distributed with a mean of 19 and a standard deviation of 4. The researcher predicts an effect.
Step 1: State the alternative hypothesis and a null hypothesis about the populations. There are two populations of interest:
Population 1: People who go through the experimental procedure.
Population 2: People in general (that is, people who do not go through the experimental procedure).
The alternative hypothesis is that Population 1 will score differently than Population 2 on the particular measure.
The null hypothesis is that the two populations are not different on the measure.
Now complete the following:
A sample of rats in a laboratory is given an experimental treatment intended to make them learn a maze faster than other rats.
State (a) the null hypothesis and (b) the alternative hypothesis about the populations.
8. The z statistic is an inferential statistic used to determine the number of standard deviations in a standard normal distribution that a sample mean deviates from the population mean stated in the null hypothesis.
We use hypothesis testing to make decisions about parameters in a population. The type of test statistic we use in hypothesis testing depends largely on what is known in a population. When we know the mean and standard deviation in a single population, we can use the one-sample z test .
“A Z score makes use of the mean and standard deviation to describe a particular score. Specifically, a Z score is the number of standard deviations the actual score is above or below the mean” (Aron, Aron and Coups, 2009).
“Raw score ordinary score (or any number in a distribution before it has been made into a Z score or otherwise transformed)” (Aron, Aron and Coups, 2009).
Formula to change a raw score to a z score: Z = x – m / SD
For a particular group of scores, M = 20 and SD = 5. Give the Z score for (a) 30, (b) 15, (c) 20, and (d) 22.5.
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