goal of CTB
A minimum of 75 words each question and References (IF NEEDED)(Response #1 – 6) KEEP RESPONSE WITH ANSWER
Make sure the Responses includes the Following: (a) an understanding of the weekly content as supported by a scholarly resource, (b) a relation of the course content to personal or professional experience, and/or (c) the provision of a probing question.
1) After ready this passage there are a couple of different treatments that would hopefully improve his back pain. To treat pain, one must have a sense of how it is caused (Gurung, 2014, p.283).” The textbook briefly discusses nonsurgical options for chronic lower-back pain, one of which is computerized decompression systems (Gurung, 2014, p.293). This system stretches the spin in order to relieve the pain that is in the back. Another treatment could be massage therapy. As far as prescribing him more pain medicine since the doctor has already stated that he was concerned about amount he was taking. The spinal decompression is not as costly as surgery, and could help Ken with his chronic lower-back pain. Ultimately without knowing the underlying cause it is difficult to assess what procedure would be best.
b2) Pain is not only physical it is also psychological. Having pain and dealing with pain can be a trigger for many. PTSD is also a factor in people who suffer accidents or have long hospital stays. Ken and his family are going thru a lot of stress because of his pain. Cognitive Behavior Therapy is test treatment for Ken. CTB’s theory is that thoughts and perceptions influence behavior (Psychology Today. 2019). CTB boost happiness and treats problems (Psychology Today. 2019). Because the hegoal of CTB is to change thinking patterns it would also be beneficial to the family if Ken’s wife attended the therapy sessions as well.
3) I would recommend Ken to choose a cognitive behavioral therapy to help him see if there is anything mentally that is holding him back from being in less pain. Cognitive therapy will allow him to talk out his feelings which may also help him relieve some stress before he goes home to his wife. I agree with the current doctor that there should not be any more prescription drugs to be taken because at this point the medicine is not helping him, and he may be starting to get dependent on the medicine. I agree a pain management doctor would help or a chiropractor, I also think maybe an x-ray and MRI would help as well to see if there is an underlying cause for the pain.
4) The advantages of physiological measures are direct, reliable, easily quantified, disadvantages, may cause stress, is expensivd and need special equipment personnel. S elf-report measures are easy to administer and validity. Disadvantages, problems with reports and high scores on life events. Behavioral assesment advantages are support, positive behavior and changes in behavior, disadvantages are time and results.
“Significant associations were found between pain behaviors and self-report measures of pain intensity, pain disability, and self-efficacy; pain intensity scores displayed a weak relationship; and pain disability scores the strongest relationship with pain behavior”. (McCahon, 2005)
5) A specific self-report measure a physician may use to measure pain is to have the patient fill out a rating scale such as a visual analog scale. Advantages to using a scale for self-report measures are: 1) this type of scale can be used with children as young as 5 years old 2) the scale allows the patient to mark a point on a line to rate the level of their pain and 3) patients can rate their pain frequently and easily. A disadvantage of using a rating scale for self-report measures is the pain on the scale is only part of the discomfort of the patient’s pain. The pain is multidimensional (Sarafino & Smith, 2017).
A specific behavioral assessment to measure pain is using the UAB Pain Behavior Scale. This scale can be used in structured clinical sessions. Advantages to using the UAB Pain Behavior Scale are: 1) it can be used easily and is reliable 2) the assessments relate with the patients’ self-rating of his pain and 3) it can be used to observe a patient’s behavior (Sarafino & Smith, 2017). A disadvantage is if a person has a high tolerance level, their behavior may not change until the pain is really intense.
A physiological measure that physicians can use to measure pain is using an electromyograph (EMG). Advantages to using physiological measures are: 1) it measures the electrical activity is the patient’s muscles, which is a reflection of the patient’s tension and 2) it provides assessments of the patient’s response to pain as the body changes. A disadvantage of using a physiological measure is: 1) the changes of the body can be affected by other factors besides physiological activities (Sarafino & Smith, 2017).
6) The three methods of pain measurement all have their advantages, but also their disadvantages. With the self-reporting method, the patient can report the specific feel, the location, and the intensity; these can be helped by input from family members, and others around the patient (Sarafino, & Smith, 2017). The psychophysiological method can give a fairly accurate measure of the intensity of the pain, and the behavioral method can assist the clinician in determining what specific motions and actions increase or alleviate the pain (Sarafino, & Smith, 2017). The primary disadvantage of all three is that everyone experiences pain differently, and the intensity of the pain is often relative to the intensity of the pain felt by the individual patient in the past. The disadvantage of the self-reporting method is that the intensity could be misremembered, exaggerated, or even underreported. The disadvantage of the psychophysiological method is that a baseline must be established with which the results can be compared; this, therefore, is a lengthy process for accurate data (Sarafino, & Smith, 2017). The disadvantage of the behavioral model is that the accuracy of the results can be questionable. This, again, will vary between patients; the variables could be how well the patient deals with the pain, or this could even complicated by a referred pain (Sarafino, & Smith, 2017).