cultural group.
Post by Day 4 an explanation of three ways in which the culture you have been assigned influences pregnancy and childbirth. Then provide three recommendations that you might make to the medical staff to help them be more culturally competent and sensitive when helping a woman and her partner through pregnancy and childbirth. Explain the importance of each recommendation. Use the Learning Resources and other current literature to support your response.
Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.
Read a selection of your colleagues’ postings.
Respond by Day 6 to at least two of your colleagues’ postings, one of who was assigned to the same group, and another who was assigned to a different group. Respond in one or more of the following ways:
· Make a comparison between the recommendations for each cultural group.
· Share an insight from having read your colleague’s posting.
· Offer an alternative recommendation.
· Validate an idea with your own experience.
· Expand on your colleague’s posting.
First Reply
Explanation of Three Ways in Which the Latino Culture Influences Pregnancy and Childbirth
Postpartum Depression (PPD)
According to an article by Sampson and colleagues (2018), Latina immigrants are conflicted about PPD. First, the view it as an inherently American problem; due to the high level of support from family and friends that a new mother usually receives in their native countries, the incidence of PPD appears to be lower (Sampson, Torres, Duron, & Davidson., 2018). But it is also important to consider that in the Latino culture there is not even a name for the disorder, since women are expected to conform to the principles of “marianism” (the idea that new mothers are supposed to emulate the Virgin Mary and be martyrs for their families, not showing any weakness (Sampson, Torres, Duron, & Davidson., 2018).
When these women find themselves stateside, without the support of an extended family, their chance of suffering from PPD increases, yet many times they are afraid to talk about it because they fear repercussion due to their immigrant status, or because they do not even know that it is a medical condition (Sampson and colleagues., 2018).
Pregnancy Resolution
When it comes to unexpected pregnancy and possible resolutions, the Latina women studied by Mann et al., (2015), largely expressed that the final decision concerning the pregnancy (either adoption, abortion, or letting the pregnancy run its course) was in the hands of either their family or male partner (Mann, Cardona & Gómez., 2015). The women felt like the final decision was not theirs alone to make, due to their cultural views. This has serious implications on women’s rights and reproductive justice (Mann, Cardona & Gómez., 2015).
Physical Activity, Birth Weight and Obesity
Latina women in the US tend to suffer a high rate of obesity when beginning pregnancy and are at higher risk for excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) (Lindsay, Wallington et al., 2017). Yet during the prenatal care process, many Latinas report not getting enough congruent information from their primary care doctors regarding excessive weight gain (Lindsay, Wallington et al., 2017).
Three Recommendations to the Medical Staff to Help Them be More Culturally Competent and Sensitive When Helping a woman and Her Partner Through Pregnancy and Childbirth and the Importance of Each Recommendation
Perform culturally sensitive, in-depth screenings to determine the prescience of PPD
Due to the cultural norms, Latina women might not freely disclose to their post-natal care professional about PPD, therefore, it is important that in-depth screenings are conducted (Sampson and colleagues., 2018). Furthermore, professionals should actively inform women about PPD, since many of them do not know this is a medical condition. This is important in order to avoid any possible harm to the baby and for the mothers’ mental health.
Addressing the cultural differences between US families and Latino families regarding pregnancy resolution and offer solutions.
Since in the Latino culture the family and male partner have such a stronghold of control over the outcomes of a pregnancy, ableist unexpected, it is important for medical professionals to inform new would be mothers of their basic human reproductive rights and US laws. This should be done in a culturally sensitive manner (Mann, Cardona & Gómez., 2015). Due to recent changes in government policy, some of these rights are already shrinking in their berth and under the control of each particular state, so professionals should be versed in the law of the state in which they practice.
Better communication between primary care physicians and patients
Primary care doctors and nurses should take adequate time to present congruent information to Latina mothers to be about weight gain, obesity, and EGWG. The participation of a nutrition professional that is knowledgeable in this particular culture’s food preference is highly encouraged. This is especially important in the case of low-income Latinas, who have fewer outside resources to manage their weight (Lindsay, Wallington et al., 2017).
Second reply
The Latino culture includes a strong emphasis on family relationships referred to as familialism, social support, valuing of elderly, and valuing personal harmony (Campos et al., 2008; Ruiz, Hamann, Mehl, & O’Connor, 2016) which have been shown to improve overall health during pregnancy. Despite significant disparities in health care during pregnancy for the Latino mother, infant mortality in the Hispanic population is similar to non-Hispanic Whites (Ruiz et al., 2016). Ruiz et al. (2016) also reported that Hispanics living in more ethnically dense areas, even though they are “economically poor but culturally rich”(p. 466), still tend to have better health outcomes and lower infant mortality. However, as individuals from countries such as Mexico and Puerto Rico remain in the United States and acculturate, the health benefits felt from their home cultures decline (Campos et al., 2008; Killoren, Zeiders, Updegraff, & Umaña-Taylor, 2015; Ruiz et al., 2016). This is relevant in pregnancy and birth outcomes as the longer these immigrants stay in the United States, the more the health of pregnant women and the results of birth decline (Campos, 2008; Killoren et al., 2015; Ruiz et al. 2016).
In order to improve outcome of pregnancy in Latino women, it is essential that healthcare providers better understand cultural differences and (Campos et al. 2008) provide services that meet the needs of this population, address the psychosocial issues and social supports, and emphasize prevention (Thomas, Hutchison, Castro, Nau, Shumway, Stotland, & Spielvogel, 2017).
Understanding the cultural difference and the psychosocial implications of these differences in addressing pregnancy risks in Latino women are essential in their prenatal care (Campos et al., 2008; Killoren et al., 2016; Poma, 1987; Thomas et al., 2017). Familialism is a substantial part of the Latino culture in native countries and has been found to support healthy pregnancies (Campos et al., 2008; Ruiz et al., 2016) however as families acculturate in the United States, the benefits these individual feel diminish (Campos et al., 2008; Ruiz et al., 2016). Social support from family and extended family tend to decline, and the stress of low SES increase (Campos et al., 2008; Ruiz et al., 2016). Health professionals should be taught to understand and promote familialism and culture, providing information to mothers and families to support them.
Psychosocial issues such as increased stress caused by less family support and decreased resources should be considered (Killoren, et al., 2016: Thomas et al., 2017). Latino families, as they become acculturated tend to decrease some of their cultural strengths including the family social support (Killoren et al., 2016). Campos et al. (2008) explained that as family supports decline the amount of anxiety and stress among pregnant women increases. This stress has been related to low birth weights and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Latino women (Campos et al., 2008). Improving psychosocial supports within and outside of families has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes (Killoren et al. 2016; Thomas et al., 2017). Providing information on enhancing social supports and providing other psychosocial support while still supporting the cultural beliefs of these families is crucial (Thomas et al., 2017).
Risk factors such as stress and anxiety during pregnancy, which add to low birth weights and prematurity, need to be better understood among healthcare providers (Killoren et al., 2016; Thomas et al., 2017). These at-risk women’s experiences are derived from issues such as “social isolation, reduced self-efficacy, and a lack of basic resources” (Thomas et al., 2017, p. 453). Thomas et al. (2017) recommended identifying these mothers who are at risk of poor mental health and in need of support from others be screen during prenatal visits and provided knowledge regarding treatment options early (Thomas et al., 2017). Health care professionals should be trained in the signs of such risk factors, and they should be able to provide information about programs and resources for these women and their families.
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