colleagues’ postings.
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Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resource on your own before you bid. Main references come from Van Wormer, K., & Davis, D. R. (2018) and/or American Psychiatric Association. (2013). You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. I have also attached my discussion rubric so you can see how to make full points. Please respond to all 3 of my classmates separately with separate references for each response. You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation like peer-reviewed, professional scholarly journals. If you draw from the internet, I encourage you to use websites from the major mental health professional associations (American Counseling Association, American Psychological Association, etc.) or federal agencies (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), etc.). I need this completed by 03/03/19 at 3pm.
Expectation:
Responses to peers. Note that this is measured by both the quantity and quality of your posts. Does your post contribute to continuing the discussion? Are your ideas supported with citations from the learning resources and other scholarly sources? Note that citations are expected for both your main post and your response posts. Note also, that, although it is often helpful and important to provide one or two sentence responses thanking somebody or supporting them or commiserating with them, those types of responses do not always further the discussion as much as they check in with the author. Such responses are appropriate and encouraged; however, they should be considered supplemental to more substantive responses, not sufficient by themselves.
Read a your colleagues’ postings. Respond to your colleagues’ postings.
Respond in one or more of the following ways:
· Ask a probing question.
· Share an insight gained from having read your colleague’s posting.
· Offer and support an opinion.
· Validate an idea with your own experience.
· Make a suggestion.
· Expand on your colleague’s posting.
1. Classmate (A.Mc)
Historical Development
Aside from the initial discovery of state-altering substances, it is difficult to pinpoint a specific development that has contributed the most to addictive disorders. However, in the 15th century, it was discovered that the process of distillation would increase the potency of alcohol (Van Wormer & Davis, 2018). In my opinion, this development may be representative of people’s increased dependency on alcohol and their increased desire to suppress emotions and pain. The original development of alcohol distillation may have changed the mindsets of buyers and sellers of alcohol, with parties always searching for the next strongest “downer.” Ultimately, this mentality facilitates the process of becoming addicted to a substance.
Current Trends and Contemporary Variables
As time passes, I think it is becoming more apparent that each individual experiences their addiction quite differently. In fact, some research has concluded that there is no universal approach to addiction (Hester & Miller, 2003, as cited in Van Wormer & Davis, 2018). Neuroscience research reinforces that alcohol and drugs target the brain; being able to better understand what is happening in the brain, may better inform substance-use treatment and interventions (Nutt & McLellan, 2012). To complete this thought, every individual’s chemical makeup, even in the brain, is certainly unique. Thus, addictive counselors must strive for individualized treatment and intervention plans. There are arguments against neuroscience research. Some of which say that the research will blind policy makers, resulting in a lack of population-level approaches (e.g. taxation and regulations) that have been shown to work in the past (Gartner, Carter, & Partridge, 2012).
There is a gap of services for those on different ends of the socioeconomic pole. For example, those with lower socioeconomic status do not have access to high standards of mental health treatments (Van Wormer & Davis, 2018). Further, different tiers of insurance plans may cover different treatments or different parts of treatments. Thus, th